Excel Functions Complete List A-Z | All Excel Formulas Directory

Complete directory of Excel functions organized by category. Find syntax, examples, and detailed explanations for all Excel formulas from A to Z.

Most searched Excel functions

  • [VLOOKUP](/functions/vlookup/) and [XLOOKUP](/functions/xlookup/) for lookups
  • [SUMIFS](/functions/sumifs/) and [COUNTIFS](/functions/countifs/) for filtered reports
  • [IF](/functions/if/) and [IFS](/functions/ifs/) for business rules
  • [INDEX](/functions/index/) + [MATCH](/functions/match/) for flexible lookups
  • [FILTER](/functions/filter/) for dynamic multi-row results in Microsoft 365

How to use this directory

  • Search by function name or browse A–Z.
  • Open a category such as Lookup & Reference or Math & Trig for related formulas.
  • Each page includes syntax, parameters, examples, FAQs, and links to error fixes.

Excel functions A-Z

  • XLOOKUP: Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds. If a match doesn't exist, XLOOKUP can return the closest (approximate) match.
  • VLOOKUP: Looks for a value in the leftmost column of a table, and then returns a value in the same row from a column you specify.
  • SUM: Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.
  • IF: Returns one value if a condition is TRUE and another value if it's FALSE.
  • SUMIF: Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria.
  • INDEX: Returns the value of an element in a table or array, selected by the row and column number indexes.
  • MATCH: Returns the relative position of an item in an array that matches a specified value.
  • COUNTIF: Counts the number of cells that meet a criterion.
  • AVERAGE: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments.
  • CONCAT: Joins two or more text strings into one string.
  • LEFT: Returns the specified number of characters from the start of a text string.
  • PMT: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
  • FV: Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.
  • TODAY: Returns the current date. Updates automatically when the worksheet recalculates.
  • DATEDIF: Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates.
  • CONVERT: Converts a number from one measurement system to another.
  • DSUM: Adds the numbers in a field of records in a database that match criteria.
  • HLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the top row of a table and returns a value in the same column from a row you specify.
  • XMATCH: Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells. Supports exact match, approximate match, and wildcard matching.
  • INDIRECT: Returns the reference specified by a text string. References are immediately evaluated to display their contents.
  • OFFSET: Returns a reference offset from a starting point by a specified number of rows and columns.
  • CHOOSE: Returns a value from a list of values based on an index number.
  • IFS: Checks multiple conditions and returns a value corresponding to the first TRUE condition.
  • SWITCH: Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result corresponding to the first matching value.
  • AND: Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if any argument is FALSE.
  • OR: Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE only if all arguments are FALSE.
  • NOT: Reverses the logic of its argument. Returns FALSE if argument is TRUE, and TRUE if argument is FALSE.
  • IFERROR: Returns a specified value if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula.
  • SUMIFS: Adds cells that meet multiple criteria across multiple ranges.
  • SUMPRODUCT: Returns the sum of the products of corresponding ranges or arrays.
  • ROUND: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
  • ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number (the number without its sign).
  • MOD: Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.
  • COUNTIFS: Counts cells that meet multiple criteria across multiple ranges.
  • AVERAGEIF: Returns the average of cells that meet a single criterion.
  • MAX: Returns the largest value in a set of values.
  • MIN: Returns the smallest value in a set of values.
  • COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.
  • COUNTA: Counts the number of cells that are not empty.
  • RIGHT: Returns the specified number of characters from the end of a text string.
  • MID: Returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at a specified position.
  • LEN: Returns the number of characters in a text string.
  • FIND: Finds one text string within another and returns the starting position (case-sensitive).
  • SEARCH: Finds one text string within another and returns the starting position (case-insensitive, supports wildcards).
  • SUBSTITUTE: Replaces occurrences of old text with new text in a string.
  • TRIM: Removes extra spaces from text, leaving only single spaces between words.
  • UPPER: Converts text to uppercase.
  • LOWER: Converts text to lowercase.
  • PROPER: Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a text string.
  • TEXT: Converts a value to text in a specified number format.
  • TEXTJOIN: Joins text from multiple ranges with a delimiter, with option to ignore empty cells.
  • NOW: Returns the current date and time.
  • DATE: Creates a date from year, month, and day components.
  • YEAR: Returns the year of a date as a four-digit number.
  • MONTH: Returns the month of a date as a number from 1 to 12.
  • DAY: Returns the day of a date as a number from 1 to 31.
  • EOMONTH: Returns the last day of the month, a specified number of months before or after a date.
  • WEEKDAY: Returns the day of the week for a date as a number.
  • EDATE: Returns a date that is a specified number of months before or after a given date.
  • ISBLANK: Returns TRUE if the cell is empty.
  • ISNUMBER: Returns TRUE if the value is a number.
  • ISTEXT: Returns TRUE if the value is text.
  • ISERROR: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value.
  • ISNA: Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error.
  • FILTER: Filters a range of data based on criteria you define. Returns an array of values that meet the specified conditions.
  • SORT: Sorts the contents of a range or array in ascending or descending order.
  • SORTBY: Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a corresponding range or array.
  • UNIQUE: Returns a list of unique values from a range or array.
  • TRANSPOSE: Converts a vertical range to horizontal, or vice versa.
  • ROW: Returns the row number of a reference.
  • ROWS: Returns the number of rows in a reference or array.
  • COLUMN: Returns the column number of a reference.
  • COLUMNS: Returns the number of columns in a reference or array.
  • ADDRESS: Creates a cell reference as text from row and column numbers.
  • HYPERLINK: Creates a clickable hyperlink to a URL, file, or location within the workbook.
  • LOOKUP: Looks up a value in a one-row or one-column range and returns a value from the same position in another range.
  • CEILING: Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple of significance.
  • FLOOR: Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple of significance.
  • INT: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
  • TRUNC: Truncates a number to an integer by removing the decimal part.
  • ROUNDUP: Rounds a number up, away from zero.
  • ROUNDDOWN: Rounds a number down, toward zero.
  • MROUND: Rounds a number to the nearest specified multiple.
  • POWER: Returns the result of a number raised to a power.
  • SQRT: Returns the square root of a number.
  • EXP: Returns e raised to the power of a given number.
  • LN: Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a number.
  • LOG: Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.
  • LOG10: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
  • PI: Returns the value of pi (π) accurate to 15 digits.
  • SIN: Returns the sine of an angle specified in radians.
  • COS: Returns the cosine of an angle specified in radians.
  • TAN: Returns the tangent of an angle specified in radians.
  • RADIANS: Converts degrees to radians.
  • DEGREES: Converts radians to degrees.
  • RAND: Returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1.
  • RANDBETWEEN: Returns a random integer between two specified numbers.
  • PRODUCT: Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments.
  • SIGN: Returns the sign of a number: 1 for positive, -1 for negative, 0 for zero.
  • SUBTOTAL: Returns a subtotal in a list or database, with options to include or exclude hidden values.
  • AGGREGATE: Returns an aggregate calculation with options to ignore errors and hidden rows.
  • CHAR: Returns the character specified by a number (ASCII or Unicode code).
  • CODE: Returns the numeric code for the first character in a text string.
  • CLEAN: Removes all non-printable characters from text.
  • EXACT: Compares two text strings and returns TRUE if they are exactly the same (case-sensitive).
  • FIXED: Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals.
  • REPT: Repeats text a specified number of times.
  • DOLLAR: Converts a number to text in currency format.
  • TEXTAFTER: Returns text that occurs after a specified delimiter.
  • TEXTBEFORE: Returns text that occurs before a specified delimiter.
  • TEXTSPLIT: Splits text into rows or columns using delimiters.
  • UNICHAR: Returns the Unicode character for a given number.
  • UNICODE: Returns the Unicode code point for the first character of a text string.
  • NUMBERVALUE: Converts text to a number in a locale-independent way.
  • AVERAGEIFS: Returns the average of cells that meet multiple criteria.
  • MAXIFS: Returns the maximum value among cells that meet multiple criteria.
  • MINIFS: Returns the minimum value among cells that meet multiple criteria.
  • LARGE: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set.
  • SMALL: Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.
  • RANK.EQ: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.
  • RANK.AVG: Returns the rank of a number, with average rank for ties.
  • PERCENTILE.INC: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range (inclusive).
  • QUARTILE.INC: Returns the quartile of a data set (inclusive).
  • STDEV.P: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population.
  • STDEV.S: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.
  • VAR.P: Calculates variance based on the entire population.
  • VAR.S: Estimates variance based on a sample.
  • MODE.SNGL: Returns the most frequently occurring value in a data set.
  • CORREL: Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets.
  • COVARIANCE.P: Returns population covariance between two data sets.
  • FORECAST.LINEAR: Calculates a future value using linear regression.
  • SLOPE: Returns the slope of the linear regression line.
  • INTERCEPT: Returns the y-intercept of the linear regression line.
  • CELL: Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.
  • TYPE: Returns a number indicating the data type of a value.
  • ISEVEN: Returns TRUE if the number is even.
  • ISODD: Returns TRUE if the number is odd.
  • ISLOGICAL: Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value (TRUE or FALSE).
  • ISNONTEXT: Returns TRUE if the value is not text (includes empty cells).
  • ISREF: Returns TRUE if the value is a reference.
  • ISFORMULA: Returns TRUE if the cell contains a formula.
  • FORMULATEXT: Returns the formula in a cell as text.
  • NA: Returns the error value #N/A (value not available).
  • SHEET: Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet.
  • SHEETS: Returns the number of sheets in a reference.
  • TRUE: Returns the logical value TRUE.
  • FALSE: Returns the logical value FALSE.
  • XOR: Returns TRUE if an odd number of arguments are TRUE (exclusive OR).
  • IFNA: Returns a value you specify if a formula returns #N/A; otherwise returns the formula result.
  • LET: Assigns names to calculation results, allowing you to store intermediate calculations and reuse them.
  • LAMBDA: Creates custom, reusable functions that can be called by a friendly name.
  • DATEVALUE: Converts a date stored as text to a serial number that Excel recognizes as a date.
  • TIMEVALUE: Converts a time stored as text to a decimal number.
  • TIME: Returns the decimal number for a particular time.
  • HOUR: Returns the hour of a time value as a number from 0 to 23.
  • MINUTE: Returns the minute of a time value as a number from 0 to 59.
  • SECOND: Returns the second of a time value as a number from 0 to 59.
  • DAYS: Returns the number of days between two dates.
  • NETWORKDAYS: Returns the number of whole working days between two dates, excluding weekends and holidays.
  • WORKDAY: Returns a date that is a specified number of working days before or after a start date.
  • WEEKNUM: Returns the week number of a specific date.
  • ISOWEEKNUM: Returns the ISO week number of the year for a given date.
  • YEARFRAC: Returns the fraction of the year represented by the number of days between two dates.
  • RATE: Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity.
  • NPER: Returns the number of periods for an investment based on periodic payments and a constant interest rate.
  • IPMT: Returns the interest payment for a given period of an investment.
  • PPMT: Returns the principal payment for a given period of an investment.
  • XIRR: Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows with specific dates.
  • XNPV: Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows with specific dates.
  • SLN: Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.
  • DDB: Returns the depreciation of an asset using the double-declining balance method.
  • SYD: Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period.
  • DB: Returns the depreciation of an asset using the fixed-declining balance method.
  • SEQUENCE: Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array.
  • RANDARRAY: Returns an array of random numbers.
  • WRAPROWS: Wraps a row or column of values into a 2D array after a specified number of elements.
  • WRAPCOLS: Wraps a row or column of values into a 2D array after a specified number of elements by column.
  • TOROW: Returns an array as a single row.
  • TOCOL: Returns an array as a single column.
  • TAKE: Returns a specified number of rows or columns from the start or end of an array.
  • DROP: Excludes a specified number of rows or columns from the start or end of an array.
  • CHOOSEROWS: Returns the specified rows from an array.
  • CHOOSECOLS: Returns the specified columns from an array.
  • EXPAND: Expands or pads an array to specified row and column dimensions.
  • VSTACK: Appends arrays vertically (stacks rows).
  • HSTACK: Appends arrays horizontally (stacks columns).
  • MAP: Returns an array formed by mapping each value in the array(s) to a new value using a LAMBDA.
  • REDUCE: Reduces an array to an accumulated value by applying a LAMBDA to each value.
  • SCAN: Scans an array by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returns an array of intermediate values.
  • BYROW: Applies a LAMBDA to each row and returns an array of results.
  • BYCOL: Applies a LAMBDA to each column and returns an array of results.
  • MAKEARRAY: Returns a calculated array of specified row and column size by applying a LAMBDA.
  • ISOMITTED: Checks whether a value in a LAMBDA is missing and returns TRUE or FALSE.
  • DAVERAGE: Returns the average of selected database entries that match specified criteria.
  • DCOUNT: Counts cells containing numbers in a database that match specified criteria.
  • DCOUNTA: Counts non-blank cells in a database that match specified criteria.
  • DGET: Extracts a single value from a database that matches specified criteria.
  • DMAX: Returns the maximum value from database entries that match specified criteria.
  • DMIN: Returns the minimum value from database entries that match specified criteria.
  • DPRODUCT: Multiplies values in a database field that match specified criteria.
  • DSTDEV: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample from database entries matching criteria.
  • DSTDEVP: Calculates standard deviation based on entire population from database entries matching criteria.
  • DVAR: Estimates variance based on a sample from database entries matching criteria.
  • DVARP: Calculates variance based on entire population from database entries matching criteria.
  • BIN2DEC: Converts a binary number to decimal.
  • BIN2HEX: Converts a binary number to hexadecimal.
  • BIN2OCT: Converts a binary number to octal.
  • DEC2BIN: Converts a decimal number to binary.
  • DEC2HEX: Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal.
  • DEC2OCT: Converts a decimal number to octal.
  • HEX2BIN: Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.
  • HEX2DEC: Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal.
  • HEX2OCT: Converts a hexadecimal number to octal.
  • OCT2BIN: Converts an octal number to binary.
  • OCT2DEC: Converts an octal number to decimal.
  • OCT2HEX: Converts an octal number to hexadecimal.
  • COMPLEX: Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number.
  • IMREAL: Returns the real coefficient of a complex number.
  • IMAGINARY: Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.
  • IMABS: Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number.
  • IMSUM: Returns the sum of complex numbers.
  • IMSUB: Returns the difference of two complex numbers.
  • IMPRODUCT: Returns the product of complex numbers.
  • IMDIV: Returns the quotient of two complex numbers.
  • DELTA: Tests whether two values are equal. Returns 1 if equal, 0 otherwise.
  • GESTEP: Tests whether a number is greater than or equal to a step value. Returns 1 if true, 0 otherwise.
  • ENCODEURL: Returns a URL-encoded string, replacing special characters with percent-encoded equivalents.
  • WEBSERVICE: Returns data from a web service on the internet or intranet.
  • FILTERXML: Returns specific data from XML content using the specified XPath.
  • AVEDEV: Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean.
  • BETA.DIST: Returns the beta cumulative distribution function.
  • BETA.INV: Returns the inverse of the beta cumulative distribution function.
  • BINOM.DIST: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.
  • BINOM.INV: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value.
  • CHISQ.DIST: Returns the chi-squared distribution.
  • CHISQ.INV: Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
  • CHISQ.TEST: Returns the test for independence using chi-squared distribution.
  • CONFIDENCE.NORM: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean using normal distribution.
  • CONFIDENCE.T: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean using Student's t-distribution.
  • EXPON.DIST: Returns the exponential distribution.
  • F.DIST: Returns the F probability distribution.
  • F.INV: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
  • F.TEST: Returns the result of an F-test for variance comparison.
  • FISHER: Returns the Fisher transformation at x.
  • FISHERINV: Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.
  • GAMMA: Returns the gamma function value.
  • GAMMA.DIST: Returns the gamma distribution.
  • GAMMA.INV: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.
  • GAMMALN: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
  • GEOMEAN: Returns the geometric mean of an array or range of positive data.
  • HARMEAN: Returns the harmonic mean of a data set of positive numbers.
  • HYPGEOM.DIST: Returns the hypergeometric distribution.
  • KURT: Returns the kurtosis of a data set, measuring the peakedness of the distribution.
  • SKEW: Returns the skewness of a distribution, measuring asymmetry.
  • LINEST: Returns the parameters of a linear trend using least squares method.
  • LOGEST: Returns the parameters of an exponential trend using least squares.
  • GROWTH: Returns values along an exponential trend.
  • TREND: Returns values along a linear trend.
  • FREQUENCY: Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array.
  • NORM.DIST: Returns the normal distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation.
  • NORM.INV: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution.
  • NORM.S.DIST: Returns the standard normal distribution (mean=0, std=1).
  • NORM.S.INV: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution.
  • LOGNORM.DIST: Returns the lognormal distribution.
  • LOGNORM.INV: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.
  • NEGBINOM.DIST: Returns the negative binomial distribution.
  • PEARSON: Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.
  • POISSON.DIST: Returns the Poisson distribution.
  • RSQ: Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (R²).
  • STANDARDIZE: Returns a normalized value (z-score) from a distribution.
  • STEYX: Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression.
  • T.DIST: Returns the Student's t-distribution.
  • T.DIST.2T: Returns the two-tailed Student's t-distribution.
  • T.INV: Returns the left-tailed inverse of the Student's t-distribution.
  • T.INV.2T: Returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student's t-distribution.
  • T.TEST: Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test.
  • TRIMMEAN: Returns the mean of the interior of a data set, excluding a percentage of outliers.
  • WEIBULL.DIST: Returns the Weibull distribution.
  • Z.TEST: Returns the one-tailed p-value of a z-test.
  • ACCRINT: Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest.
  • ACCRINTM: Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity.
  • CUMIPMT: Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods.
  • CUMPRINC: Returns the cumulative principal paid between two periods.
  • DISC: Returns the discount rate for a security.
  • DOLLARDE: Converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction into a decimal number.
  • DOLLARFR: Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal into a fractional dollar.
  • DURATION: Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments.
  • EFFECT: Returns the effective annual interest rate.
  • FVSCHEDULE: Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates.
  • INTRATE: Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security.
  • MDURATION: Returns the modified Macaulay duration for a security.
  • MIRR: Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows.
  • NOMINAL: Returns the annual nominal interest rate.
  • PDURATION: Returns the number of periods required for an investment to reach a specified value.
  • PRICE: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest.
  • PRICEDISC: Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security.
  • PRICEMAT: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity.
  • RECEIVED: Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security.
  • RRI: Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment.
  • TBILLEQ: Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill.
  • TBILLPRICE: Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill.
  • TBILLYIELD: Returns the yield for a Treasury bill.
  • VDB: Returns the depreciation of an asset using a variable declining balance method.
  • YIELD: Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest.
  • YIELDDISC: Returns the annual yield for a discounted security.
  • YIELDMAT: Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.
  • ASC: Changes full-width (double-byte) characters to half-width (single-byte) characters.
  • ARRAYTOTEXT: Returns an array of text values from any specified range.
  • BAHTTEXT: Converts a number to Thai text and adds the suffix Baht.
  • CONCATENATE: Joins several text strings into one string.
  • VALUETOTEXT: Returns text from any specified value.
  • DAYS360: Returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year.
  • NETWORKDAYS.INTL: Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates with custom weekend parameters.
  • WORKDAY.INTL: Returns the date after a specified number of workdays with custom weekend parameters.
  • ACOS: Returns the arccosine of a number in radians.
  • ACOSH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.
  • ASIN: Returns the arcsine of a number in radians.
  • ASINH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
  • ATAN: Returns the arctangent of a number in radians.
  • ATAN2: Returns the arctangent from x and y coordinates.
  • ATANH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
  • COMBIN: Returns the number of combinations for a given number of items.
  • COMBINA: Returns the number of combinations with repetitions.
  • FACT: Returns the factorial of a number.
  • FACTDOUBLE: Returns the double factorial of a number.
  • GCD: Returns the greatest common divisor.
  • LCM: Returns the least common multiple.
  • PERMUT: Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects.
  • PERMUTATIONA: Returns the number of permutations with repetitions.
  • QUOTIENT: Returns the integer portion of a division.
  • ROMAN: Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman numeral as text.
  • ARABIC: Converts a Roman numeral to an Arabic numeral.
  • BASE: Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base).
  • DECIMAL: Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number.
  • SINH: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
  • COSH: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
  • TANH: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
  • COT: Returns the cotangent of an angle in radians.
  • ACOT: Returns the arccotangent of a number in radians.
  • COTH: Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number.
  • ACOTH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number.
  • SEC: Returns the secant of an angle in radians.
  • CSC: Returns the cosecant of an angle in radians.
  • SECH: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a number.
  • CSCH: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a number.
  • EVEN: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.
  • ODD: Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.
  • MMULT: Returns the matrix product of two arrays.
  • MDETERM: Returns the matrix determinant of an array.
  • MINVERSE: Returns the inverse matrix for the matrix stored in an array.
  • MUNIT: Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension.
  • SUMX2MY2: Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.
  • SUMX2PY2: Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.
  • SUMXMY2: Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays.
  • DEVSQ: Returns the sum of squares of deviations of data points from their sample mean.
  • PERCENTILE.EXC: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive.
  • QUARTILE.EXC: Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive.
  • PERCENTRANK.INC: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, inclusive).
  • PERCENTRANK.EXC: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive).
  • MODE.MULT: Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring values in a data set.
  • COVARIANCE.S: Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products of deviations for each data point pair.
  • BITAND: Returns a bitwise AND of two numbers.
  • BITOR: Returns a bitwise OR of two numbers.
  • BITXOR: Returns a bitwise XOR of two numbers.
  • BITLSHIFT: Returns a number shifted left by the specified number of bits.
  • BITRSHIFT: Returns a number shifted right by the specified number of bits.
  • ERF: Returns the error function integrated between lower_limit and upper_limit.
  • ERFC: Returns the complementary error function integrated between x and infinity.
  • ERROR.TYPE: Returns a number corresponding to an error type.
  • INFO: Returns information about the current operating environment.
  • N: Returns a value converted to a number.
  • T: Returns the text referred to by value.
  • IMCOS: Returns the cosine of a complex number.
  • IMSIN: Returns the sine of a complex number.
  • IMTAN: Returns the tangent of a complex number.
  • IMEXP: Returns the exponential of a complex number.
  • IMLN: Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number.
  • IMLOG10: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number.
  • IMLOG2: Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number.
  • IMPOWER: Returns a complex number raised to an integer power.
  • IMSQRT: Returns the square root of a complex number.
  • IMARGUMENT: Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians.
  • IMCONJUGATE: Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.
  • COUPDAYBS: Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date.
  • COUPDAYS: Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date.
  • COUPDAYSNC: Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.
  • COUPNCD: Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date.
  • COUPNUM: Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date.
  • COUPPCD: Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date.
  • AMORLINC: Returns the depreciation for each accounting period using linear depreciation.
  • AMORDEGRC: Returns the depreciation for each accounting period using degressive depreciation.
  • ISPMT: Returns the interest paid during a specific period of an investment.
  • BESSELJ: Returns the Bessel function Jn(x).
  • BESSELY: Returns the Bessel function Yn(x).
  • BESSELI: Returns the modified Bessel function In(x).
  • BESSELK: Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x).
  • PHONETIC: Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string.
  • JIS: Changes half-width (single-byte) characters to full-width (double-byte) characters.
  • CEILING.MATH: Rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.
  • CEILING.PRECISE: Rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance, regardless of sign.
  • FLOOR.MATH: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.
  • FLOOR.PRECISE: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance, regardless of sign.
  • SUMSQ: Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments.
  • SERIESSUM: Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula.
  • MULTINOMIAL: Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers.
  • FORECAST.ETS: Returns a future value based on existing values using AAA version of Exponential Smoothing.
  • FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT: Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date.
  • FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY: Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series.
  • FORECAST.ETS.STAT: Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting.
  • SKEW.P: Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population.
  • PROB: Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits.
  • LEFTB: Returns the leftmost characters from a text value based on bytes.
  • RIGHTB: Returns the rightmost characters from a text value based on bytes.
  • MIDB: Returns a specific number of characters from a text string based on bytes.
  • LENB: Returns the number of bytes used to represent the characters in a text string.
  • GETPIVOTDATA: Returns data stored in a PivotTable report.
  • CUBEVALUE: Returns an aggregated value from a cube.
  • CUBEMEMBER: Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy.
  • CUBESET: Defines a calculated set of members by sending a set expression to the cube.
  • CUBESETCOUNT: Returns the number of items in a set.
  • CUBERANKEDMEMBER: Returns the nth member in a set.
  • CUBEKPIMEMBER: Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) property.
  • CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY: Returns the value of a member property in the cube.
  • IMAGE: Inserts an image from a URL into a cell.
  • GROUPBY: Groups data by row values and aggregates associated values.
  • PIVOTBY: Creates a pivot table-like summary with row and column groupings.
  • PERCENTOF: Calculates the percentage that a subset represents of a total.
  • STOCKHISTORY: Retrieves historical stock price data from Microsoft's data provider.
  • ISERR: Returns TRUE if the value is any error except #N/A, otherwise returns FALSE.
  • DBCS: Converts half-width (single-byte) characters to full-width (double-byte) characters in a text string.
  • VALUE: Converts a text string that represents a number to a number.
  • AREAS: Returns the number of areas in a reference. An area is a range of contiguous cells or a single cell.
  • RTD: Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation.
  • ISO.CEILING: Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance, regardless of sign.
  • SQRTPI: Returns the square root of (number * pi).
  • MEDIAN: Returns the median (middle value) of the given numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers.
  • COUNTBLANK: Counts the number of empty cells in a specified range.
  • AVERAGEA: Calculates the average of values including text and logical values. Text and FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1.
  • MAXA: Returns the largest value in a list of arguments, including text and logical values. Text and FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1.
  • MINA: Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including text and logical values. Text and FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1.
  • FORECAST: Calculates a future value based on existing values using linear regression.
  • GAUSS: Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution.
  • PHI: Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution.
  • BINOM.DIST.RANGE: Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution.
  • CHISQ.DIST.RT: Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
  • CHISQ.INV.RT: Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
  • F.DIST.RT: Returns the right-tailed F probability distribution.
  • F.INV.RT: Returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution.
  • T.DIST.RT: Returns the right-tailed Student's t-distribution.
  • GAMMALN.PRECISE: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function with higher precision.
  • STDEVA: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including text and logical values.
  • STDEVPA: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including text and logical values.
  • VARA: Estimates variance based on a sample, including text and logical values.
  • VARPA: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including text and logical values.
  • IRR: Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.
  • NPV: Calculates the net present value of an investment based on a discount rate and future cash flows.
  • PV: Returns the present value of an investment - the total amount that future payments are worth now.
  • ODDFPRICE: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period.
  • ODDFYIELD: Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period.
  • ODDLPRICE: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period.
  • ODDLYIELD: Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period.
  • ERF.PRECISE: Returns the error function integrated between 0 and a supplied limit with higher precision.
  • ERFC.PRECISE: Returns the complementary error function integrated between x and infinity with higher precision.
  • IMCOSH: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number.
  • IMSINH: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number.
  • IMCOT: Returns the cotangent of a complex number.
  • IMCSC: Returns the cosecant of a complex number.
  • IMCSCH: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number.
  • IMSEC: Returns the secant of a complex number.
  • IMSECH: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number.
  • DROPDOWN: Creates a dropdown list in a cell allowing users to select from predefined options. This is an Excel 365 feature.

Function categories

  • Lookup & Reference: Find and retrieve data from tables and ranges
  • Logical: Make decisions and test conditions
  • Math & Trig: Perform mathematical calculations
  • Statistical: Analyze data with statistical functions
  • Text: Manipulate and format text strings
  • Financial: Calculate loans, investments, and depreciation
  • Date & Time: Work with dates, times, and durations
  • Engineering: Complex numbers and engineering conversions
  • Information: Get information about cells, values, and the environment
  • Web: Retrieve data from web services and URLs
  • Database: Query data that matches criteria
  • Cube: Retrieve data from OLAP cubes and Power Pivot data models